An eMSP's commercial model depends on charging volume, the number of sessions going through their network agreements. Volume depends on where drivers charge. And where drivers charge is increasingly determined before they arrive at a station, at the point where a routing app calculates where to stop.
An eMSP without routing integration is present at the transaction when the driver opens the app to pay at the charger, but absent from the decision. The driver used a navigation app or their vehicle's built-in system to plan the route, received a charging stop recommendation from that system, and ended up at whichever station it suggested. The eMSP gets the payment if the station is on their network. If it is not, they get nothing.
